The Unemployment Of The United States - 1026 Words

In the United States, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively searching for employment as a fraction of the labor force. While things seem to be looking up for the economy with lower gas prices and grocery bills are decreasing, unemployment still seems the plague the country. Only 63 percent of working-age Americans have a job or are actively looking for one -- the lowest share of the population participating in the labor force since 1978. (The population of working-age Americans here includes anyone over the age of 16, including those who have retired and students). Some of this is due to the fact that Baby Boomers retiring HuffPost s Mark Gongloff wrote. â€Å"Most of it has to do with the fact that the economy is still too weak to create enough jobs to draw people into the market. This is most clearly evident in the fact that younger people are leaving the labor force, too or never even entering it because they can t find jobs† (Goyette, 2014). There are plenty of jobs available in the United States. The fact of the matter is, most are low paying jobs and people with years of work experience and college degrees are not willing to accept those jobs at first. The reality is most people have to start at the entry level and work their way up, unless they have good connections or it is a family owned business in which they do not have to worry about competing for promotions. Unemployment Rate in the United States averaged 5.82 percent from 1948 untilShow MoreRelatedUnemployment Of The United States1545 Words   |  7 Pages Brian Winter Ms. Cintorino English 11-R 5 April 2017 Unemployment in the United States Many people believe that their job defines their place in society and that productive, con-tinuous work is one of the elements needed for a happy life. Therefore, when a person becomes unemployed, he/she may lose hope, disrupt relationships, become depressed or sick, and even su-icidal. â€Å"Long term unemployment can often be financially, emotionally, and psychologically de-structive† (Krulick). In order to maintainRead MoreUnemployment Issues Of The United States Unemployment970 Words   |  4 PagesUnemployment Issues in the United States Unemployment is one top issue that our government faces on a daily basis. Many people are being unemployed as we speak. Even though the government is trying to take a lead on this major issue, the rate of unemployment is just too high. Why I feel strongly about this issue is because many of us continue to search for jobs daily and still no reply. There are many reasons behind being unemployed and those reasons are little issues that th e governor himself canRead MoreThe Effects Of Unemployment On The United States942 Words   |  4 PagesOver the course of many years the United States has done a very good job of creating and supplying jobs for the citizens. This could be an effect of our economic standings or is there a reason other countries do better than others? There are many countries that are doing better than the United States in the aspect of unemployment, but the US currently has a very low rate of 4.8% (List of Countries). The country that is currently doing the best is Qatar with a rate of 0.4%. This could be for manyRead More Unemployment in the United States Essay1008 Words   |  5 Pages The unemployment rate has dramatically increased over the last several months. This increase has created many complications for the American people. Although the United States economy has created over 7 million jobs, there is still a long way to go until the economy is back on track. The unemployment rate is divided into variables; such as employment level, unemployment level, labor force and stock variables. At a certain time in a recession they are measured in quantities. Due to aRead MoreThe Unemployment Rate Of The United States894 Words   |  4 Pagesnational unemployment rate in the United States from December 2015 is 5.0 percent, which has reduced from the previous months in 2015. The unemployment rates for Whites are 4.5 percent, which is lower than the national average. But sadly the unemployment rates for minorities are much higher. According to bls.gov the rate for unemployment for African Americans is 8.3 percent; although this number is the lowest it has been since 2007, theirs is still higher than the national average. The unemployment rateRead MoreUnemployment Rate Of The United States1719 Words   |  7 PagesBrandon Phan Phan 1 Ms. Barrett English 5 20 November 2015 Rough Draft With an unemployment rate of 5% and a population of about 326,079,646 people, there can be about 163,039,823 unemployed people in the United states. There are many things that the United States government can do to reduce Unemployment. In order to reduce the unemployment rate in the United States, the United States government could reduce the federal minimum wage to allow employers to hire more employees because ofRead MoreThe Unemployment Trend Of The United States Essay981 Words   |  4 PagesI will first discuss the unemployment trend from 1988 to 2010 using the article by Marios Michaelides and Peter R. Mueser titled Recent trends in the characteristics of unemployment insurance recipients. They wrote that, â€Å" Data from the Benefit Accuracy Measurement (BAM) program indicated that important changes in the composition of the unemployment insurance (UI) population took place from 1988 through 2010; changing shares, by gender, race and ethnicity, age, education, industry, and occupationalRead MoreUnemployment And Its Effects On The United States1443 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States is full of amazing things, historic landmarks, pizza, Nascar and countless other things that help set our nation apart. However there is one thing that our nation shares with every other nation in the world that isn’t so great, in fact many people would agree it is one of the worst things for a nation to have. No it’s not smallpox, it’s unemployment. Unemployment is unfortunately something a nation cannot vaccinate against. Sadly nations are always going to experience unemploymentRead More Structural Unemployment and Cyclical Unemployment in the United States2779 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction: The high and persistent levels of unemployment in the United States have become one of the most debated topics among economists, policy makers and the unemployed for more than a decade; especially its impact and best approach to resolving the increasing unemployment rates. It is important to note that as much of a global phenomenon unemployment it is, unemployment occurs in numerous forms, economists have broken down unemployment into three main types: Frictional, structural and cyclicalRead MoreUnemployment Rate Of The United States1764 Words   |  8 Pages2000’s the unemployment rates of the United States have been constantly changing. For most of this time unemployment rates were increasing at a quick pace as the country was dealing with internal financial issues of its own. When people are out of work the rates of depression and crime seem to skyrocket. This is due to the lack of funds coming into a home which result in some less than admirable acts being committed. Ther e are many causes of unemployment and many effects that unemployment can have

Political and social changes in Rome as a result of the wars Free Essays

The most obvious were the increased role of the senate, the influx of wealth that arrived in Rome and the introduction of Hellenize. It is believed that these changes were not just the beginnings of the downfall of the republic, but of the entire Roman Empire. Indeed, Assault, writing in the first century BC states that although â€Å"every land and sea lay open to her. We will write a custom essay sample on Political and social changes in Rome as a result of the wars or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was then that fortune turned unkind and confounded all her enterprises. The senate was already a powerful body in Romeos government, these events, forever greatly increased its power. Constitutionally, the senate was an advisory body; the Alex Horniness, passed in 287, gave the power to make decisions to the Continuum Plebes. In practice, however, the senate was the governing body of Rome and It ruled unchallenged throughout the second century. This power was obtained through Its successful control over Romeos wars of expansion. In fact, the crisis caused by the Second Punic War helped the senate’s rise to power more than any other single factor. The senate consisted of ex-magistrates who had an enormous amount of experience in government. These senators took control of Rome and showed real leadership, particularly after Canaan. They provided loans, slaves for the army and food and arms, thus ending the war successfully and increasing their prestige. The Influence the senate held over the magistrates was another factor In their Increased power. Even though Roman magistrates were not obliged to seek or follow the senate’s advice, they would usually submit all important issues to the senate before showing them to the assemblies. The senators would have been able to keep a tight control on the actions of the magistrates even if they didn’t volunteer heir plans. The senate could find another magistrate to veto any unsatisfactory motion they put forward. The Alex Villa Annalist was passed in 181 as a check on any over-ambitious magistrate, It gave the senate the power to control the actions of consuls and procrastinates such as Gossip Africans who ruled unchallenged in Spain for 10 years. The influx of wealth that arrived in Rome led to the deterioration of traditional values. The booty and riches from the successful wars against Hannibal and Macedonia allowed the upper classes to spend lavishly on food, houses, works of art and other expensive goods. This led to a gradual decline In morals as their wealth led to increased greed and laziness. The upper classes â€Å"treated their wealth as a mere plaything† according to Assault. There were attempts from the conservative faction of the senate, specifically from Coat the Elder, to limit the extravagance of the ruling classes. The laws they put in place were, however, very difficult to enforce and, unsurprisingly, quite unpopular. An example of this is the Poplar law which was passed In 215. It attempted to restrict the amount of Jewelry and expensive clothing o the civilized society he expected of Rome, especially during one of the most taxing wars in Romeos history. As the nobles of Rome competed for popularity among the masses, they poured more and more money into the public games. This is another example of the deterioration of the moss moratorium as the new events became more violent and brutal, this had an adverse affect on the character of those who watched them. The money that flowed into Rome as a result of these wars was therefore a huge factor in the deterioration of the traditional Roman way of life. The wars with Greece exposed the Romans to the cultural influences of the Hellenic world. Perhaps the most important outcome of the wars of expansion was the introduction of Hellenize to Rome, the extent to which the Romans were affected by the Greeks is shown in the writing of Horace who states that â€Å"captive Greece had captivated her barbarous conqueror†. Greek culture influenced many things about Roman daily life but the most predominant aspects were religion and education and the reaction to those changes was twofold. Plutarch says that many upper class citizens were happy to see their sons educated in Greek culture and religion, two of these philistines were Gossip Africans and Flamingos. The conservatives, such as Coat, were worried that the ambitions of the younger generations were tainted by Greek learning and that their new ideas would undermine the existing customs in Rome. The result was a widespread blend of traditional Roman values and the new Hellenic ideas which produced a Graces-Roman society. The wars of expansion were a massive event in shaping the political and social structure of Rome. This is shown through the increase in the power of the senate, the influx of wealth that flowed into Rome and the introduction of Hellenize to Roman society. How to cite Political and social changes in Rome as a result of the wars, Papers

Department Stores Supply Chain Collaboration

Question: Discuss about the Department Stores Supply Chain Collaboration. Answer: Introduction The report is focused on strategic analysis of an Australian based company. For this report the organisation selected is the Woolworths, the largest supermarket retailer in Australia. Across the Australian retail industry, the company has achieved significant growth and development (Woolworths Limited 2015). The report aims to analyse the underlying strategy of the company and evaluate the external issues that area driving the company to move the jobs offshore. Further, the strategic analysis evaluates the internal factors that made the company to develop a strategy of moving its jobs offshore. There are various tools for strategic analysis that are used in this study for analysing Woolworths current level of strategic position in the retail industry by analysing the internal and the external environment of the company. The report identifies the key stakeholders of the company and discusses how the shift of offshore activities will affect these stakeholders. The report also explains why a number of jobs will continue to be based in Australia and the associated implications. Overview of the organisation In Australia, the organisation with the biggest supermarket chain is Woolworths. It is owned by Woolworths Limited. Established in 1924, the company has opened its initial store in Sydney's Imperial Arcade. Currently, the organization is one of the leading players in the industry and has been maintaing its position since 80 years. The company along with Coles form a duopoly of supermarkets in Australia and constitutes 80% of the Australian market. The company sells groceries (packaged food, vegetables, meat, fruit, etc.). The Macro Wholefood Market delivers range of products meeting the specific requirements of families such as vegetarian food, gluten free diet, and organic foods (Woolworths Limited 2015). The total number of stores in both Australia and New Zealand are 3000. The four levels of Woolworths private label brands are- Woolworths Homebrand, Woolworths Select, Woolworths Gold, and Woolworths Fresh (Bailey 2016). After the company has been listed publicly on the ASX, it ann ounced the loss of $1.235 billion in 2016 for the FY16 financial year. In 2011, Woolworth has announced moving jobs offshore by effectively pricing local suppliers outside the market despite its net profit of $2.12 billion in the same financial year (Cfmeu.com.au 2011). There was no excuse to manipulate the supply chains and send more manufacturing jobs offshore. Therefore, this act of the company is rationale to perform the external and internal analysis of Woolworths. External analysis of the company This section deals with the strategic analysis of the companys external environment. To evaluate the external issue causing the offshore movement PESTEL analysis is used as a tool. It refers to Political factors The political climate is greatly affecting Woolworths in Australia due to the competition policy launched by the federal government, which eliminates the small retailers and allow giant ones to sustain. However, there is regular fluctuation in currencies in Australia due to unpredictable policy changes according to Keith (2012). The company has benefits of tax consideration even during offshoring and avail the GST free opportunities. Offshoring may also prevent Woolworths from the financial uncertainty due to fluctuations in dollars. Further, moving jobs offshore would reduce the companys compliance obligations and taxations in some markets. Economic factors The harsh trading conditions are making the market development for Woolworths more difficult. According to Glover (2015) the manufacturing workers are earning more in Australia per hour when compared to the workers in New Zealand for the same length of time. Moreover, they also earn more on average when compared to US, Canada and UK (PESTEL Analysis 2017). Further Arli et al. (2013) stated that it is expensive to put the manufacturing workers in the Australian factories because in the past three to four years the productivity as an industry has not increased but there is a 3-4% increment in the payment of wages. The high manufacturing cost in Australia is the driving force for Woolworths to move jobs offshore using a strategy of low manufacturing cost overseas (Hughes 2013). It can be argued that business operations offshore may help Woolworths to claim back the tax credits in Australia while it only pays tax overseas. Further, the offshore jobs may provide access to the low cost of materials. It provides an opportunity to increase the investment in overseas if the dollars goes further (Blundell 2013). It will be cheaper for Woolworths to set up its production base overseas by shipping large product volume to Asia or vice versa. Thus, low freight cost in overseas market would boost profit margins of Woolworths and speed up the delivery. Social factors Woolworths is the trend setter of greener and healthier lifestyle that enhances the customer loyalty. However, Australian customers have a changing pattern of needs, attitudes and buying trends. By operating business offshore the company would be less bound to this change. Further, the overseas employees are highly skilled compared to Australia and are fluent in English with university education. Therefore, offshoring will help minimise the barriers to developing new products and promotes innovation (Hughes 2013). Technological factors Australia is less adaptive to advance technologies as compared US, UK and Japan. Therefore, it is effective to move jobs offshore to meet the higher quality expectations. The current IT structure in Australia is too rigid to allow the implementation of RFID technologies (Mo et al. 2011). Environmental factors The petrol and the winemaking business of Woolworths are having adverse effects on the environment conditions therefore the business areas of the company are affected in terms of profitability (Woolworths Limited 2015). Therefore, the company is adopting the strategy to compensate loss by generating high revenue from offshore business. Legal factors The retail industry in Australia is greatly affected by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission and the Trade Practicing Act and other foreign trading policies. For example, the implementation of carbon tax has effected Woolworthss business operations across the economy. Therefore, the company must employ a fair policy while operating its business (Chalmers et al. 2013). Internal analysis of the company This section presents the internal analysis of Woolworths to evaluate the effectiveness of the strategy employed by the company. SWOT analysis is used as strategic analysis tool to analyse the Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats of Woolworths. Strength (Glover 2015) leading Australian retail industry with committed and dedicated team The companys ability is enhanced by strong human resource, technological resources and strong presence across the country High financial performance every year with generation of revenue that is 6.5% greater than the forecasted growth High recognition of its brand and efficient operations High customer loyalty as the company offers multiple shopping options for the clients such as online purchases, virtual stores Enhance market leadership positions with faster and efficient delivery options Weakness (Blundell 2013) External environmental conditions effect its growth in the Australian retail sector- It is restricting its move to the wider markets. As a consequence it is collaborating with Coles and is keeping higher prices of the product Compared to its competitors Woolworths has negligible global presence Failure in sustaining competitive advantage as it mainly competing with Coles It pays rent as unit which is 1.5 times lower than other retailers and has its locations in non primary retail centres Loss of $1.235 billion in fiscal year 2016 Opportunities (Bailey 2016) Good growth potential due to advancement in supply chain, changes in the consumer lifestyle changes, computerisation effecting the retailers power Can promote its brand with advanced technological resources and greatly engage in sponsorships and advertisements It can meet the changing requirements of the customers by adopting the strategy of multi-option retailing Threats (Arli et al. 2013) Higher competitors such as IGA, Coles, Alde in the retail industry are the main threat to Woolworths Rise in the cost of raw materials affecting the profit margin Fierce competition with international companies such as Walmart, TESCO, Aldi High wages of manufacturing workers Substitute products entering the Australian market hampering the customers loyalty It is difficult for the food manufactures to stay afloat with the combination of increment in wages, high Australian dollar and the supermarket price. Further, there is an increase in competition due to new entrants in the market. Therefore, Globalisation would be the effective strategy for the company to sustain itself. Moving offshore would overcome the price challenges faced by the company in the Australia as the products would be manufactured at cheaper prices overseas (Hughes 2013). Woolworths has faced a huge loss in 20 years with declining sales in food and liquor amidst the fierce competition from its rivals Aldi and Coles and it is losing money due to renewal of old stores requiring more capital. Conclusively, it is best strategy for the company to move jobs offshore as it can compensate some of its loss by cutting jobs from support office and supply chain (The Guardian 2017). Key stakeholders and the impact of shift of offshore activities The stakeholders are the internal parties of a business and must maintain a good relationship with them to increase the business productivity. The key stakeholders of Woolworths include employees, suppliers, customers, shareholders and the government. The media, unions, community interest groups, franchisees, and non-governmental organisations are the other stakeholders of Woolworths. The stakeholders are affected by business action and concerns due to their stake in the business (Hughes 2013). According to Hajkowicz et al. (2012) the offshoring has a profit motive which will help the firm in Australia to make more money making the countrys economy stronger. The offshoring activity will ensure greater shareholder returns, which will have positive impact on the companys stakeholders. Offshoring may be advantageous from a microenvironment point of view but it incurs a huge loss for the employees. Since the jobs are exported the countrys employment tends to decrease which may affect the companys relationship with the employees who have helped in making the company a giant one. The customer satisfaction may be affected as in the overseas the call centre services may annoy the customers. However, offshoring may increase the purchasing power of customers, as the products turn cheaper when manufactured overseas (Burke 2017). The benefits of offshoring may be exaggerated by the intermediaries which may gloss over the disadvantages associated with it and the cost. Kljenak et al. (20 13) believed that exporting the low skilled jobs overseas might benefit the employees in Woolworths (Australia) to have high skilled and more fulfilling jobs. The offshoring will positively affect the suppliers if it drives the volume-based sourcing opportunities and lowers the cost of good. The vision and sustainable ethos of Woolworths can be entrenched further by respecting the local culture while expanding the business in offshore. Associated implications of the number of jobs that continue to be based on Australia There are many implications for the number of jobs based in Australia. For these jobs it is implied to generate high skilled employees by training and education programs. It implies for innovation and strategies to meet the customers ever changing social trends (Blundell 2013). Woolworths is required to increase its sales and create new jobs in Australia, as there are number of risks in moving jobs offshore. A business can only run with the support of the stakeholders. Therefore, in the quest to target new market and customers it become difficult to sustain the competitive market. It is necessary to retain the old customers and suppliers to maximise the opportunities and decrease the risks by following the ethical considerations (Hughes 2013). The business must implement strategy according to the political conditions of Australia and implement fair policy in its operations. Conclusion Based on the internal and external analysis it can be concluded that the primary factors driving the moving jobs offshore are the economic and political parameters. The government influences and the changing social trends of customers adversely affect the economic stability. The strategy of offshore jobs will help Woolworth to gain greater economic benefits then in Australia due to low freight cost, low material cost, financial certainty, tax benefits, access to high skilled workers, high quality infrastructure and best service providers. The strategic analysis of Woolworths has helped in identifying how the external and internal environment affects its business operations and strategies in negative manner. However, the companys strategies are focused on attaining highest-level growth in its operations and sustain the global competitiveness. By moving the jobs offshore, it can establish an impression of giant retail chain. Moreover, since the company has already established its mark in Australia, it can easily increase its market share in different countries. References Arli, V., Dylke, S., Burgess, R., Campus, R. and Soldo, E., 2013. Woolworths Australia and Walmart US: Best practices in supply chain collaboration.Journal of Economics, Business, and Accountancy| Ventura,16(1), pp.27-46. Bailey, M., 2016. Absorptive Capacity, International Business Knowledge Transfer, and Local Adaptation: Establishing Discount Department Stores in Australia.Australian Economic History Review. Blundell, L., 2013. Resurrection of a retail giant.Property Australia,27(9), p.22. Burke, J. 2017. Woolworths sends jobs offshore | Food Beverage. [online] Foodmag.com.au. Available at: https://foodmag.com.au/woolworths-sends-jobs-offshore/ [Accessed 5 Jan. 2017]. Cfmeu.com.au. (2011). Woolworths killing off manufacturing jobs - time to address the supermarket duopoly | CFMEU Mining. [online] Available at: https://cfmeu.com.au/woolworths-killing-off-manufacturing-jobs-time-to-address-the-supermarket-duopoly [Accessed 5 Jan. 2017]. Chalmers, J., Carragher, N., Davoren, S. and OBrien, P., 2013. Real or perceived impediments to minimum pricing of alcohol in Australia: public opinion, the industry and the law.International Journal of Drug Policy,24(6), pp.517-523. Glover, D., 2015.An economy is not a society: Winners and losers in the new Australia(Vol. 7). Black Inc.. Hajkowicz, S.A., Cook, H. and Littleboy, A., 2012.Our Future World: Global megatrends that will change the way we live. The 2012 Revision. CSIRO, Australia. Hughes, J., 2013. Operating Australian Offshore Seismic Surveys: Can we cut through the Bureaucracy and Stakeholder Perceptions with Good Planning and Sound Science?. Keith, S., 2012. Coles, Woolworths and the local.Locale: The Australasian-Pacific Journal of Regional Food Studies,2, pp.47-81. Kljenak, D.V., Lukic, R. and Jovancevic, D., 2013. SUSTAINABLE COST MANAGEMENT IN RETAIL.Metalurgia International,18(8), p.69. Mo, J. and Lorchirachoonkul, W., 2011. Design of RFID cloud services in a low bandwidth network environment.International Journal of Engineering Business Management,3(1.), pp.38-43. PESTEL Analysis. 2017. PESTLE-PESTEL Analysis of Woolworths. [online] Available at: https://freepestelanalysis.com/pestle-pestel-analysis-of-woolworths/ [Accessed 5 Jan. 2017]. The Guardian. 2017. Woolworths to cut 500 jobs and close stores across Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/jul/25/woolworths-to-cut-500-jobs-and-close-stores-across-australia [Accessed 5 Jan. 2017]. Woolworths Limited. 2015. Environemnt. Retrived from https://www.woolworthslimited.com.au/page/A_Trusted_Company/Environment/

Judaism Essay Example

Judaism Paper Judaism Name: Institution: Instructor: We will write a custom essay sample on Judaism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Judaism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Judaism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Course: Date: Section A The three people who have the main covenant are: Noah Abraham Moses Section B Every individual has a social responsibility towards other members of the society. The books of Deuteronomy, Exodus and Numbers give the guidelines that ought to govern man’s social relations. The social themes addressed are like those of equality, compassion, integrity, forgiveness and love. I believe that society has implicit rules that demand coexistence from the members of the society. There are particular pillars that enable the society to exist. These pillars are like those of love, compassion and equality. In my opinion, these pillars are similar to the moral virtues of Judaism. Equality is a core value that will promote harmony in the society. I believe that every individual is equal. This is by the virtue of them being human. Social status should not be the yardstick used to determine how individuals are treated. The moral attitude of Judaism encourages that our acts be governed by equality. The modern day society is dominated by biased attitudes. The wealthy members of the society receive better treatment and services. I believe that they are treated this way because of the influence they have. Integrity in the society is a sign of high levels of morality. The books of Torah talk about lending money to the poor without charging them interest and not hording the wages of a labour. Judaism upholds the virtue of being honest in ones actions. I. believe that these practices are seen as idealistic in the modern society. They are not a reflection of how social relations are governed today. Section C I find that the Jews had very high expectations of the Messiah. According to them, the expected Messiah was to save them from the political oppression that they had been subjected to by the Romans. I, however, feel that too much emphasis was laid on the political aspect of the Messiah. The Jews anticipated a political triumph that would then be justified be morality. This morality was embedded in the moral advancement that the universe would experience in the coming of the Messiah. In forming this kind of expectation, I believe that the Jews painted an idealistic view on the Messiah. The Jews were expecting a leader born in an influential family and one who was wealthy. In my opinion, these perspectives were what made the Messiah to be rejected when He dwelt on earth. I feel that the expectations of the coming Messiah were focused on the physical change that would be marked in his coming. In my opinion, Messianism signifies a period of Spiritual change and that the second coming of t he Messiah will bring about spiritual freedom. Section D I believe that the Sabbath is a day that is dedicated to the worship of God. I know that it is believed that worship should be an everyday affair, but the Sabbath is one day of the week where you isolate yourself and focus on activities that bring give God glory. These activities are like assembling with others to sing hymns, pray and fellowship. I know that the Sabbath is man’s way of emulating God’s rest after the six days of creation. I feel that individuals should take a rest from the normal activities and focus on showing God gratitude to God for His kindness. These normal activities are like carrying out one’s occupational duties, and going to school.

buy custom Achilles in Homer Iliad essay

buy custom Achilles in Homer Iliad essay Death is a natural phenomenon and something that virtually no man can escape. Death has been described to have several interpretations such as life after this world, permanent rest, judgment time and etc. However, there is no vivid information of what happens after death, since there are virtually no accounts of people who died and came back to life. We all seem to pay less attention to thinking about what happens with the person after death. Still, much thinking was focused on the kind of death the person suffered and the circumstances surrounding his death. From this indication, I would say that Achilles is a personality, who does not deserve my sympathy in the story, The Homer Iliad. As a person, there were several instances, Achilles proofed that death is not an entity to be feared as it was inevitable and bound to happen to everyone. Achilles than was focused on this principle to kill as many people as possible and infringe pain to families. Achilles used to kill so many people that Xanthus, the river god, had to cry for space, because the water had been filled with an abundance of the dead. But Achilles would fight on. Ironically, when Achilles was at the verge of being killed, he prayed to Zeus to save him. Indeed, that was a moment for Achilles to have a fair taste of what he had been putting all those people through. With saying that he who pulls a machete dies from a machete, Achilles did not deserve any sympathy for his evil deeds. Though Achilles escaped death at the hands of the roaring waters, he certainly managed to taste some pain when he lost any compensation for his effort. Buy custom Achilles in Homer Iliad essay

A Routine Day Essay Sample

It’s bright and I can’t see much. I hear my small sister following close behind me. The same ritual everyday it has become a wont. it is like this modus operandi is etched into my tegument. I don’t believe about what I’m making and I what I’m traveling to make it’s like the musculuss have remembered. what I do exactly. â€Å"onee-chan. onee-chan† she says ah there it is that angel like voice its Wyrd but that voice is the lone thing I respond to these yearss. I turn about and at that place she is waiting for me to state something back. â€Å"yes kazuya-chan is at that place something you need? † I inquiry. She replies â€Å"No† I don’t understand why she calls me. I have some thoughts but all of them seem stupid. I didn’t even notice but I have started walking kazuya’s keeping my manus. Its quite loud this forenoon the autos are rushing through the busy roads of Tokyo with the brutality of Wolfs in the center of a Hunt and the grace of a swan. We reach kazuya’s school. â€Å"Ok kazuya here’s your tiffin and I will pick you up after school. Ok? † I say She rolls her eyes at me and says â€Å"I know onee-chan im non a small miss any longer I’m in Junior high. † I laugh. â€Å"I know you’re non a small miss any longer but i still worry about you and i ever will. † I hug her and so retrieve that it is her shuting graduation this afternoon. â€Å"actually i’ll be here early to watch you graduate your first twelvemonth of junior high. † I see a big smile appear on her face and she says â€Å"Thanks Onee-chan. † before running off to run into up with her friends. I linger around non desiring to go forth but i know Is have to and i start aimlessly traveling towards work. I stop I can hear a weak voice naming out my name. As one turn around Ayame my clumberson work spouse runs in to me. I get up express joying. â€Å"You truly necessitate to halt running in to me in the forenoon. it’s like you are making it on intent. †

Monitoring Synaptic Function at the Neuromuscular Junction of a Essay

Monitoring Synaptic Function at the Neuromuscular Junction of a MouseExpressing SynaptopHluorin - Essay Example 5422). Selection of the neuromuscular junction of a mouse however came with a number of challenges for the researchers and this generally affected the tone of the research as the researchers were forced to â€Å"created a transgenic mouse (Bozza et al., 2004; Li et al., 2005; Wyatt and Balice-Gordon, 2005, 2006) that expresses spH at the NMJ† (Lucia et al., 2007, p. 5422). The researchers therefore based their work on the characterization of a number of hidden and unexpected properties of the phenotype of the synapse. Techniques used Four major techniques for data collection into the proof of the hypothesis set were used. These were vector construction, acute experimental conditions, generation transgenic of mouse and image analysis. Each of these techniques was used at different levels and for different purposes. This means that the techniques were not used simultaneously. With the vector constructions for instance, the transgenic vector known to be pThy1-SynaptopHluorin was obtained. The researchers used a method that had earlier been used by Ng et al., (2002), which subcloned a 1 kb EcoRI-SmaI fragment from pCiNeo-VAMP-superecliptic. This technique and the generation transgenic of mouse that followed it were important because it set the pace for the researchers to have an ideal clone that would perfectly fit the place of the transgenic mouse they created in terms of characteristics. Under the acute experimental conditions, the researchers made an attempt towards the actual goal by getting to the nerve-muscle of the mouse whereby they dissected the levator auris nerve–muscle (Lucas et al., 2007, p. 5424). The dissection was done based on the work of Katz et al., (1996). This particular technique was highly necessary in setting the pace for stimulus trains, which were delivered at 100 Hz. This was the work that had been previously done in conjunction with Bernard Katz. Through the work, they argued that ions became neutrally charged when combined with a lipid soluble carrier. This paradigm also predicted that any current that is incoming, has to be preceded by a flow of lipid carriers, which have to be outgoing. They therefore concluded that the justification of this is that the ions were being attracted through a charge-biased selective pathway, which, to overcome the membrane potential, had to perform work (Lucia et al. 5422). Data-base review of key findings The data collected from the experiment gave very new but equally important information on the neuromuscular junction of the mouse. This new information had to do with the fact that there is large size of the nerve terminals of the mouse that generally makes it possible to undertake spatial properties of exocytosis. A number of existing researches and findings were also confirmed in this research by Lucas et al (2007). For instance studies by Hodgkin-Huxley, which had earlier been conducted on the neurology of membrane current is largely confirms in the current resear ch. Scientifically, the Hodgkin-Huxley studies have been instrumental for the prediction of biological mechanisms, which would otherwise not have been detectable by the use of the contemporary techniques. Their original studies have triggered further research, as well as the development of simplified models of reaction diffusion. The studies by Hodgkin and Huxley awarded them a Nobel Prize in physiology in 1963. The study had both dependent and

Guest Worker Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Guest Worker Program - Essay Example It contains no stipulations for either a new temporary worker program or citizenship (Espo, 2006). The proposed Senate legislation allocates additional funds to better enhance border security, provides for a ‘guest worker’ program and gives an estimated 10 million immigrants amnesty by putting those who are currently in the country illegally on the fast track to citizenship. Sen. Jeff Sessions, R-Ala. was skeptical about the legislation saying, â€Å"This bill will not secure our borders† (Kiely, 2006). The complaint regarding the guest worker program is that it is, in effect, amnesty. It has been estimated that the added cost to the federal government will be in excess of $15 billion per year when the present illegal aliens, working legally in the U.S., put a drain on the health care then when they eventually become citizens, will begin collecting welfare benefits. The highly debated immigration bill, endorsed by both the Senate and the Bush administration, would have added greatly to this number because it will encourage a new surge of low skilled workers through its guest worker program. Traditionally, immigrants to the U.S. were less likely than those born in America to collect welfare. This historic arrangement has radically changed over the past three decades. Today, immigrant families are at least 50 percent more likely to receive federal benefits than those born in this country. Additionally, immigrants are more likely to adapt their lives to rely on the welfare system and studies have shown the longer immi ­grants stay in the U.S., the more likely they are to be on welfare. To further aggravate the situation, when an illegal immigrant becomes a citizen, he can legally bring his parents who also have the right to become citi ­zens. The estimated long-term cost of overall federal benefits could exceed $50 billion per year for the parents of the 10 million beneficiaries of

Technical Education Essay Example for Free

Technical Education Essay According to human needs, education can be divided into three parts: Social or political education: Spiritual Education; Vocational or Technical- Education. Education that teaches us how to live in a society is called social or political education. Education that develops our personality and character may be termed as Spiritual Education. Then, education that teaches us how to earn our living is named as Vocational Education. Technical education is a branch of Vocational Education. By Technical Education we mean education dealing with some practical or mechanical art. Technical education includes training in trade Commerce, carpentry, weaving, agriculture, medicine and engineering. Its aim is to provide instruction and training in skills that have a practical utility. It helps us to meet the needs of the Industrial Age. We are looking for ways to decrease the dropout rate. I am pretty sure, if we eliminate career and technical education, we are going to increase the dropout rate. (Michael Enzi) Technical Education is very important in the modern age.America, Britain, France, Russia and China are rich, prosperous and resourceful because of their progress in technical education. It produces engineers, Builders, doctors, and mechanics who are very useful in an industrial society. It is the only answer to the problems of our expanding economy. It produces doers and workers. These workers make real and important contribution to the welfare of society. We are able to increase the material resources†¢ of our country through Technical education. It promote the material prosperity and economic advancement. It has a great educational value also as it imparts dexterity quickness, attention to detail, habit of neatness and orders People begin to have faith ig the dignity of labour. We can save a lot of foreign exchange, if we have our own technical experts. In short, Technical Education makes a country Rich, prosperous, and Resourceful. But it has certain limitations also. Too much of technical education changes a man into machine, A man’s specialized knowledge makes him unfit for other jobs. So we should have an element of liberal education in Technical Education. Nowadays Education is Lacking on the technical side.0ur schools and colleges produce men who are fit only to be clerks. Our young men run after office job. They dislike work in factories and hate to learn practical skills this is why unemployment is So widespread in the country. Poverty is due to the neglect of technical education. Our country is rich in raw material resources. We cannot reap the advantages only because we are not equipped with any technical knowledge. In this respect we must take two steps. First, more and more technical institutions should be established. Secondly, the idea of â€Å"Dignity of Labour† should be popularized. We must always keep in mind that progress is possible only through Technical Education.

Bacillus Anthracis and Biological Warfare Essay -- Germs Infections Wa

Bacillus Anthracis and Biological Warfare Bacillus anthracis is a rod-shaped, nonmotile, aerobic, gram-positive bacterium that can be transmitted from herbivoric animals to humans (Figure 1). Before an animal’s death, its orifices exude blood containing huge quantities of the bacterium. Anthrax forms extremely resilient spores upon exposure to atmospheric conditions. Because of this spore-producing ability, even after the animal host dies the germs can sporulate again, persisting in the soil for up to several decades (1). No cases of human-to-human transmission have been reported for this zoonosis. Historically, human cases have been either industrial, as with woolsorter’s, or agricultural (2). Anthrax can be transmitted via 3 routes: cutaneous anthrax, gastric anthrax, and inhalational anthrax. Of the three, cutaneous anthrax is clearly the most prevalent, accounting for about 95% of all cases (3). In cutaneous anthrax, the bacterium invades when broken skin contacts contaminated animal products (1). Within about 2 weeks, at the point of entry a localized sore develops which turns the skin black, becoming a large welt. This coal black lesion "gave rise to the term anthrax that is derived from the Greek anthrakos" which means ‘coal’ (3). While generally self-limited, large doses of oral antibiotics such as penicillin, ciprofloxacin, or doxycycline cure cutaneous anthrax rapidly and effectively. Antibiotic treatment speeds healing, and decreases the possibility of systemic diffusion and lethal toxemia (4). With both gastric and inhalational anthrax, on the other hand, large doses of intravenous antibiotics are necessary (2). Gastric anthrax is exceedingly rare, and results from consumption of contaminated, poorly cooked mea... ...defense against bioterrorism." Emerging Infectious Diseases. 5.4 (1999): 531-33. 22. Friedlander, AM, Pittman, PR, and GW Parker. "Anthrax vaccine: Evidence for safety and efficacy against inhalational anthrax." JAMA. 282.22 (1999): 2104-06. 23. Nass, M. "Anthrax vaccine: Model of a response to the biologic warfare threat." Infectious Disease Clinics of North America. 13.1 (1999): 187-205. 24. Sidel, VW. "Weapons of mass destruction: The greatest threat to public health." JAMA. 262.5 (1989): 680-82. 25. Fox, JL. "Adjusting FDA policies to address bioterrorist threat." Nature Biotechnology. 17 (1999): 323-24. 26. Zegers, ND, Kluter, E, van der Stap, H, et al. "Expression of the protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis by Lactobacillus casei: Towards the development of an oral vaccine against anthrax." Journal of Applied Microbiology. 87 (1999): 309-14.

Ryanair SWOT analysis

A SWOT analysis is a study which can be undertaken in order to identify an organisation’s, product’s, or service’s internal Strengths and Weaknesses, and also its external Opportunities and Threats. A SWOT analysis focuses on the micro environment of one of the above entities, i.e. â€Å"factors which the organisation has some control over†. – Business Management Course Text, AIT Ireland (2013-20134).SWOT analysis of RyanairStrengthsWeaknessesLowest Cost Base of any European AirlineStrong financial performance despite current economic climate InnovationNegative Public PerceptionOver-reliance on Seasonal trends to increase profit marginsPoor customer serviceOpportunitiesThreatsNew airline routes throughout EuropeOpportunity to increase Market ShareCurrent economic climateIncrease in fuel chargesNatural events and disastersStrengthsAccording to safaribooksonline.com/book/sales-and-marketing, operating as a low-cost enterprise can be a strength for com panies, as it may incentivise an increase in demand for a particular product or service, in relation to its competitors. Low cost providers are a popular choice for financially conscious consumers who do not have any/little loyalty towards the product/service in question, or for consumers who wish to obtain a product/service at the lowest available price. For Ryanair, being a low cost company has been hugely beneficial, as they have almost entirely built their current reputation on being a low-cost airline.At present, Ryanair  is the lowest costing airline in Europe, one third lower than its nearest rival, easyJet. Maintaining a strong financial performance is a major factor to the success of any business. According to http://www.investorwords.com, organisations base their important decisions/strategies the basis of their financial performance. Maintaining a healthy financial performance allows companies to generate revenue. In terms of Ryanair, despite the recession, the company has not only continued to make a profit, but is also Europe’s most profitable airline. In 2013, the company forecasted that they would generate â‚ ¬540 million, a 7% increase over the previous year’s figure.According to http://businesscasestudies.co.uk, Companies must innovate in order to keep ahead of their competitors. This means that companies must focus on incorporating fresh approaches and ideas to their business model in order to remain at the top of their respective field.Ryanair has excelled in being an innovative company, and has changed the outlook on the airline industry through strategies such as pushing the â€Å"low cost† slogan, removing free catering for customers on their flights, and also by moving away from travel agent bookings to internet sales. Through innovation, Ryanair has revolutionised the short-haul industry.WeaknessesNegative public perception/relations can be fatal to any enterprise, as it can lead to a loss in existing customers , whilst also acting as an obstacle in obtaining new ones. Once a company’s name has been tarnished through poor PR, it can be a struggle to regain any popularity lost. Although Ryanair are still the leading airline in Europe, Chief Executive Michael O’Leary has received heavy criticism for numerous PR campaigns, which has given the company a poor reputation amongst many individuals. Many businesses are reliant on specific time of year in order to increase their profit margins.Companies which provide winter wear, such as the Great Outdoors, will thrive during Autumn/Winter, as the demand for jackets, gloves, etc. will be at its highest during these seasons. For Ryanair, the company is heavily reliant on its’ summer performance (particularly July-September) in order to boost profit margins. Since 2008/2009 Ryanair has consistently made losses in at least one of the winter quarters, whereas  the company has made an overall profit in every year for the last 10 ye ars. â€Å"Building positive relationships with your customers isn't just good practice – it will ultimately improve your bottom line.† – James Caan, 2013.Maintaining a positive relation with its customers is a vital component in the majority of successful businesses, as, according to James Caan’s article in The Guardian, â€Å"Customers are the most important asset to your business and looking after them is essential to your success†. Welcoming feedback, (positive and negative) communication between a business and its customers, and handling customers’ complaints are all example of good customer service. However, according to a recent survey conducted by Which? Magazine in the UK, Ryanair was voted as being the â€Å"worst† in terms of the quality of customer service offered by Britain’s 100 biggest firms, with staff Knowledge, attitude, and their ability to handle complaints cited as the main issues.OpportunitiesThe opportuni ty to expand/offer a greater range of service is something which any business interested in growing in stature will be interested in. As a company grows, they have control of the industry which they are competing in, can often dictate prices, and may also benefit from economies of scale (lower unit costs by producing more). –http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/business/aims/sizeandorganisationrev1.shtml For Ryanair, the opportunity to operate new routes throughout Europe is something which the organisation is always improving on. According to http://www.ryanair.com, from April 2014, the airline will expand 85 new routes operating out of Dublin alone, in which the company hopes to generate 1 million new passenger fares from.Inter-linked with the above paragraph, increasing its market share/market growth is another opportunity which looks achievable for Ryanair. According to http://centreforaviation.com, the European aviation sector is still a growing industry, which alre ady suggests that Ryanair may increase its share of the market. However, as Ryanair is already Europe’s leading short haul airline and lowest cost producer, the steps are firmly in place for this opportunity to become a reality. Ryanair targets obtaining 120 million passengers by 2022. The current economic climate has had huge implications  on businesses on a global scale, with many companies, (such as Dell) having to relocate in order to cut costs.Also, as consumers are more aware of the impacts of over-spending during a Recession, many businesses have saw a fall in demand for the product/service which they are offering. However, operating as the lowest costing airline in Europe has had an overwhelmingly positive effect on the company. Although Ryanair offers â€Å"no frills†, many financially conscious people have decided to opt with Ryanair over other alternatives (such as Aer Lingus) during the current economic climate, as they offer a cost effective service. Thi s is evident by the face that Ryanair has become Europe’s most profitable airline.ThreatsAccording to http://www.legalzoom.com, any costs imposed on a business (both internal and external) can have an effect on how a company have choose to allocate its budget, and higher costs may also lead to a business cutting back on certain expenses in order to remain in a healthy financial position. According to Ryanair’s Chief Financial Officer Howard Millar, Ryanair’s single largest cost is fuel costs. To combat against these rising costs, Ryanair has chosen to slow down the speed of their air-crafts, which has added an estimated two minutes onto every hourly flight.This figure may seem small, but for customers who travel with Ryanair on a frequent basis, this could lead to a fairly substantial amount of extra time consumed, with may lead to some disgruntled customers. – Siraj Datoo, 2013. According to http://www.exponent.com, Natural disasters, whether they are hu rricanes, typhoons, tsunamis, or monsoon-related flooding, are all factors that can affect the operations of businesses worldwide. The above factors can have major implications in business operations, as they can restrict trade between business, and they also may lead to products/premises being damaged.For Ryanair, natural disasters such as a volcano eruption, could lead to a huge loss in profits, as this event could lead to flights being cancelled (e.g. the Icelandic volcanic ash cloud in 2011 caused severe losses to many airlines). Also, a fatal accident, such as a plane crash, would also have a major negative on Ryanair, as consumers may feel unsafe in regards to barding a Ryanair air craft.

Manipulatives: Material and Students

7 Musts for Using Manipulatives By Marilyn Burns 1. I talk with students about why manipulatives help them learn math. These discussions are essential for first-time users and useful refreshers to refocus from time to time. I precede discussions by giving children time to explore a manipulative. Then we talk about what students noticed and I introduce the concepts they'll learn with the material. 2 . From day one, I set ground rules for using materials. We talk about the similarities and differences between using manipulatives in class and playing with toys or games.With toys or games, children can make up their own rules. With manipulatives, they are given specific problems and activities. I do make clear, however, that they're free to make discoveries and explore new ideas. It's also important for students not to interfere with one another. I step in when I hear a howl of protest as a student who needs one more yellow tile takes it from another group's table. Sometimes I open up th e discussion to the entire class. These impromptu reminders help keep students on track. 3. I set up a system for storing materials and familiarize students with it.It's important for students to know where and how to store materials. A clear system makes the materials more accessible. Some teachers designate and label space on bookshelves. Others use zip-top plastic bags and portion materials into quantities useful for pairs or groups. Still others place a supply of each material at students' tables so they're always within reach. 4. Time for free exploration is worth the investment. Whenever I introduce a new material, I allot at least one math period for this. Teacher demonstrations alone are like eating a papaya in front of the class and expecting children to know how it tastes. Free exploration time also allows students to satisfy their curiosity so they don't become distracted from the assigned tasks. Expect children to see if tiles can fall like dominoes; build tall towers wi th rods; or construct rockets out of cubes. After children have explored a material, I ask what they've discovered and record their observations on a chart so their classmates can get insights from their ideas. Then I assign a specific task. 5. For easy reference, I post class charts about manipulative materials.Charts not only send students the message that I value manipulatives, but also help students learn materials' names and how to spell them. In September I post a chart that lists all the materials we'll use during the year. For some materials, I post separate charts to list their shapes and colors. And I leave posted charts of students' discoveries about materials. 6. Manipulatives are a natural for writing assignments; having students write in math class has many benefits. Manipulatives provide concrete objects for children to describe. 7. I let parents get their hands on manipulatives, too.It's important for parents to understand why their children are using materials. Foll ow up by having children take home materials and activities to do with their families. (Hint: I wait until students have had some experience. )3 Marilyn Burns Answers Your Questions Marilyn Burns Answers Your Questions About Manipulatives Q. Manipulatives help my learners who struggle, but do my better Math students need them? A. Absolutely. The challenge of teaching any subject is to find activities that are accessible to all learners and have the richness to challenge more interested or capable students.Manipulatives are a wonderful resource for this. For example, I introduced fourth graders to Build the Yellow Hexagon. All students found different ways to build the hexagon and recorded their constructions with correct fractional notation. I asked the students who finished quickly: â€Å"How much larger is the red trapezoid than the blue parallelogram? † This challenged them to figure out how much more 1/2 is than 1/3. Q. How often should I use manipulatives in my teaching? A. Ideally, the materials are available for students to use at any time to help them think, reason, and solve problems.When a manipulative material is key to a lesson, I initiate its use. Q. What about students who work well with manipulatives but have trouble with textbooks? A. Showing the bridge from concrete experiences to symbolism is essential. While it may be obvious to adults, it can be a stretch for students to see how a 3-by-4 rectangle built with tiles relates to the textbook explanation that 3 x 4 means three groups of four. I help children make connections by demonstrating how a rectangle can be separated into three rows with four tiles. Q. How many kinds of manipulatives do I need?A. It makes sense to introduce one material and provide time for in-depth exploration. But one advantage of using a variety is that children can think about ideas in different ways. For example, we wouldn't want children to think of fractions as related only to round pies. Q. Can't I make che aper manipulatives? A. For years I've had children cut paper cookies to explore fractions, fold shapes for geometry, and use strips for measurement. Students also cut paper squares into the seven tangram puzzle pieces to see that the pieces make a square.However, to create other shapes, compare areas and perimeters, or make observations over time, paper pieces aren't durable or exact. Manipulatives stand the test of time and are precise. They also allow students to discover the mathematical relationships inherent in them. 4 Q. Where do I fit manipulatives in when there's so much to do? A. I use manipulatives as a support for teaching the math topics that are in the curriculum. I don't reserve materials for special days or assignments, but make them a regular and integral part of my general teaching. Q.I worry that children will see the same materials year after year and lose interest. Do they? A. School-wide planning to discuss which manipulatives you'll use and how to use them can be valuable. However, be careful not to designate certain materials or activities for only one grade. Most are appropriate for different levels, and repeat experiences help students stretch their thinking. For example, asking primary children to find different ways to make trains of six interlocking cubes using just two colors helps them explore different addends of 6.Older students can be challenged to figure out how many arrangements there are, not only for trains of 6, but also for trains of other lengths. Q. I don't have enough of any one kind of manipulative to use with my whole class. What can I do? A. Some teachers I know organize learning centers and have small groups work at them. Others introduce a few activities to be done over several days, and students make choices based on which materials are available. Still others pool materials for a week with other teachers to create class sets.In all cases, having students work cooperatively not only cuts down on the amount of mat erial you need, but also encourages communication — which in turn promotes learning. Q. How do I know when it's time for students to put away the materials? A. I let students be my guide. Observing them gives me valuable information. Sometimes I've assigned students the problem of finding all of the rectangular arrays using 6, 12, and 24 tiles. While some need to build all of the rectangles with tiles and then record them, other students stop using the tiles and are comfortable drawing the rectangles.Q. I worry older students will complain that manipulatives are babyish. Any advice? A. I rarely get this reaction. Most are delighted to get their hands on concrete materials. If you anticipate naysayers, talk about how, for example, architects often build models of buildings and engineers construct prototypes. Tell students that they'll use materials to model a problem or situation. Then be sure they first experience something that offers a challenge and that you provide free ex ploration time.

Pro Gay Marriage essays

Pro Gay Marriage essays Marriage, as defined by Websters dictorionary is as follows: the state of being united to a person of the opposite sex as husband or wife in a consensual and contractual relationship recognized by law (2) : the state of being united to a person of the same sex in a relationship like that of a traditional marriage. So, as we can see marriage, in other words, is defined as the unification of two people, who love each other and want to spend the rest of their lives together. Who you love is not a choice, its something that just happens, and people should not be denied to show their love just because they happen to love someone their own sex. Marriage is the ultimate expression of love, of promise, and of commitment. It says that the person you chose to marry is the person you want to spend the rest of your life with, the person you want to trust and share everything with. We are lucky nowdays to be living in a modern society which lets you choose who to marry, unlike the Middle Ages, where arranged marriages usually just ended up with an old man married to a girl who was barely out of her teens and could not possibly know what she wanted to do with her life, let alone who to share the rest of her life with. But then comes the question of gay marriage. Isnt marriage supposed to be about two people who love each other? So what difference does it make if its a gay or straight marriage? Its still love. There seems to be certain excuses no to allowed these marriages. First of all, theres that dreaded disease we all know about: AIDS. But you cant blame AIDS on gay marriages. AIDS is passed on by drug users too. A statistic in South America shows that a married woman has more risk of contacting AIDS than a prostitute, due to her husbands promiscous relationships. But protection is banned religiously (although, until recently, the Catholic Church is now permitting the use of cond ...

Statement of Purpose Personal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Of Purpose - Personal Statement Example My interest started growing based on a numbers of reasons. First, my instructor in high school was very interesting and could help in case one needed to be assisted. History is all around us in our everyday activities. We have to study history to appreciate our past; everything like scientific innovations, technological changes and medical products have history. Moreover, my degree course in history has made quite a number of changes in my career that have made me consider pursuing this subject to a higher level. What I have learned from this field is that people behave differently based on the differences in their cultures, ideas and background. My explorations on this field also have shown the changes takes places from one period to another. The field is interesting because of the way research on past events is done, which bring awareness of behavioral changes in societies which we need to be clear on; so that in case decisions needs to be made, history is available. The analysis o f history helps to explain the events that tend to occur, which is done using stories or narratives making it easy to understand the past and making it look like it is a live event, this makes the subject so entertaining to study. For example, in the cold war, history studies its occurrence; the social, cultural and economic changes caused by the event. During my undergraduate’s studies, I studied the history of World Wars and the Cold War. This is where I was inspired most by the subject. Because of the approach I had on the subject right from high school and the motivation I had from studies, my course went on well and I achieve the required skills. During the course, I conducted numerous researches by use of available resources. I have developed skills in writing and discussions regarding historical events. I also study various political differences in various corners of the world. The clarity of the nature of the world we are in today is also done in my studies, which has assisted me explain political, environmental and economic changes worldwide. The coverage of a wide range of historical events has made me well prepared for further studies. I had wanted to be in the government as a politician, this career would help a lot, as I would be well aware of national and international political changes. To see the importance of historical events, the next paragraph discusses the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on US soil. The tragic event happened when terrorists under the influence of renowned terrorist Osama Bin Laden took over four planes and flew them to the United States. They crashed them on the tallest building, The World Trade Center Towers and another jet crashed on the American military center, Pentagon. The damaged caused was huge and the number of deaths were many. The twin towers were brought down completely and on the other side of the Pentagon military centre, one section was damaged. Many people died from the explosion of the tower aft er the hit and toxic fumes contributed to a number of deaths. This historical event is important because Americans remember it as the tragic day that they lost many of their loved ones. The day is also important because it showed Americas that their security system is insecure. US lead a war on both Iraq and Afghanistan that lead to rise of more terror groups. This lead to so many terrorist-planned attacks throughout the world (Bodden

The Jewish museum by Daniel Libeskind Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Jewish museum by Daniel Libeskind - Essay Example Architecture has developed and grown throughout history and in the last few decades some very exciting things have been happening. One of the most renowned architects in the 20th and 21st centuries is Daniel Libeskind. Many of his projects have been the reason for Libeskind to be accepted as one of the most creative architects of our generation. His buildings will exemplify distinctive characteristics for someone who admires them. A person sees these works and realises that only a master architect is behind all these attractive buildings. Daniel Libeskind was born in 12th of May, 1946, in Lodz, Poland. He was born at a difficult historic period for his country but also for the entire world, because he was born in a post-war period. Daniel was the second child of Nacham and Dora Libeskind. Both of his parents were Polish Jews who had survived the Holocaust. From a very early age, Libeskind showed that he was inclined towards Arts. At the age of eleven, he and his family immigrated to Tel Aviv, Israel. In Israel he began learning piano, on the America – Israel Cultural Foundation Scholarship. Due to his musical studies he learned how to perform on a stage without making mistakes. This was a significant influence for him for his later way of working. In 1959, Daniel won an America – Israel Cultural Foundation scholarship, after which he and his family, decided to move on to the United States. That was the beginning of his engagement with architecture.

When You Shouldn't Take the Job Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

When You Shouldn't Take the Job - Essay Example It is a tricky position she is in because she would not have to pay them back for the costs they incurred, and she would have secured herself a job. Still, it looks like coercion. Moving is a not an easy thing too. There are more challenges for the young lady than there are for the company. For example, if the girl agrees to the terms the company has set forth for her, then it will have to incur the travel costs and pay for her accommodation in the hotel. Still, it would be profitable in the long run since she will be rendering her services to the firm. For the young woman, however, there is more to lose than there is to gain. The company has her in a dilemma, and her thoughts that she is being coerced are justified. For example, if she does not agree to relocate, she will have to reimburse the company for the cost they incurred paying for her flight and the hotel accommodation. The young woman is unemployed so far and asking that she repays the money is more likely to be a coercive way of telling her that she has to take the job. Since she may have no money to reimburse the company, which could have gotten her an expensive ticket and hotel, she would have no choice but to take the job. If she takes the job, she will have much moving to do and have to leave her social ties and her friends and neighbors from where she lives. Also, she will have to go through all the hassles involved in moving and then slowly make new friends from her new neighborhood. While it is a good thing to have secured herself a job in the company, the terms the company has placed on the opportunity are selfish. It shows the company is willing to use any coercion to have people work there. That is already a red flag as such a company is likely to have other forms of oppression to those people who already work there in a bid to keep them working.

Discuss the difference between leadership and management in nursing an Essay

Discuss the difference between leadership and management in nursing an prioritizing and managing client care - Essay Example ts essence involves gathering people from different domains and motivating them to achieve organizational goals through knowledge sharing and expertise. Specifically, a leader is one who lends a helping hand to those who are not able to realize their potential and go for their aims. In nursing, while the staff nurse is the leader to entry level nurses, the latter are leaders to ultimate clients. Management takes on a more individualized form when nursing is talked of. This is so because in nursing, client care is to be accomplished which is the duty of every single nurse and as such, nurses are required to have the competencies of time management, communication skills and other management skills of planning, organizing and others. In this essence, management in nursing involves judicious and critical use of scare resources optimally for the benefit of the client and the organization. Leadership and management are used synonymously most of the times. However, the two carry different meanings in nursing parlance. In terms of client care management, entry level nurses are equipped with expertise, experience and knowledge which provide guidelines for them to act as client care managers. On the other hand, awareness of organizational policies, protocols and regulations encourage in them the personality of a leader whereby they are able to direct their followers and align their individual goals with that of organizational goals. During entry level, nurses are required to take care of the clients directly through observations and careful usage of the available resources. They have to manage the aspects if time, shifts, materials, supervision and services for clients which are not commanded as in case of passive nursing (Richardson et al. 2007). Thus, they act in the role of decision makers for cost effective use of resources without feeling overburdened and not letting the client feel unobserved. This demonstrates the management skills adopted by nurses in delivering

Driving Forces Of Change In Textile Industries Commerce Essay

Driving Forces Of Change In Textile Industries Commerce Essay This project is given us as final assignment in strategic management class the topic is The driving forces those forcing to change the textile industry of Pakistan the Pakistan is agriculture base country and the textile is the back bone of Pakistan economy. The purpose of doing such types of assignment is to getting the practical exposure of industries the implantation of knowledge and also familiar with the challenges and issues which currently the industries is facing. Driving forces play an importance role for the development of economy and for the growth of industries.Through this project assignment we are all familiar with the industries knowledge and experiences and get the depth knowledge of industries and the issues,challenges, problem, norms and value of the industry.During our project we also found that Textile industry of Pakistan is facing several problems due to political and economic environment. Currently interest rate of country is very high which has increased cost of production and makes it difficult for the industry to become cost competitive in the global market. A part interest rate problem, Production of the industry is very disturbed due to power shortage and law and order situation of the country. This assignment is providing the knowledge of industry and how to solve such issues challenges and problem and how to get the competitive advantage and how to compete rivalryand how to cope up with these changes and how to develop the directions of industries in particular situations and how sustainable in these changes which is due to the driving forces of industries. Chapter 02: Literature Review: Background: Research Statement: The driving forces those are forcing to change the textile industry in Pakistan Research Objective: Our research objective is following To identify the link between the driving forces and textile industries To explore the impact of driving forces on textile industries To identify the different driving forces prevailing in the Pakistan economy To find out the solutions for driving forces To find out the reason of driving forces Limitation of Research: Our research is limited in Pakistan country only and in the textile industry and the driving force whose impact on textile the research is conducted through the data analyzing. Scope of Research: The research is conduct only in Pakistan and the research cover the driving forces which is prevailing in Pakistan economy and those who impact the textile industry only. Methods of Research: The method for the research we use the data which is taken from different source and then we analyze the data through the study and through the statically tools research method is most depend upon the data that we gather from different sources and though the online collection of data and implementation. Data Gathering: The data for this topic is gathering from employee who is currently working in textile industry and from the Pakistan textile journals, different authors articles, textile mills websites, government official ministry of textile website, all Pakistan association of textile mills, Google documents, researches etc. Variables: Variable for this research is below Textile industries of Pakistan Driving forces in Pakistan Hypothesis: If driving forces is their will it impact the textile industries. If driving forces vanished what will effect on textile industries. If driving forces aretheir will effect and how much it effect the industry. Driving Forces: The driving forces are the key internal forces micro environment (such as knowledge competences workforce of management and macroenvironment as well (such as economy competition technology) that shape the future of the organization Change in industries is due to the driving forces is participants and driving forces is major cause to bring change in industries competitive condition driving forces are emerge from internal and external environment. Driving forces can include changes in social, technological, environmental, economic andpolitical factors, for example: Demographic factors (population increase, in/out migration, changing age/genderstructure, etc). Laws and regulations (affecting land ownership, labour relations, environmental protection measures, etc). Policies (subsidies, price controls or guarantees, import/export controls, quotasand tariffs, exchange rates, etc). Markets and competition (size of or access to, local, national and internationalmarkets; growing competitiveness of producers in other regions, countries etc). Technology (availability of new genotypes, machinery, etc). Institutions (new actors, influences, social organization). Information (availability, communications technology). Non-agricultural employment opportunities (processing, manufacturing, business,services, migration/ remittances, etc.) Natural resources (characteristics of watershed, water availability, groundwaterlevels, land degradation, etc). Driving Forces Analysis: Driving force can be analyzed in two steps Identify relevant driving force Assessing the impact they will have Types of Driving Forces: Some of the common driving forces of industries. Increasing globalization of industry Changes in cost and efficiency Shifting from standardized to differentiated products (or vice versa) Regulatory influences government policy changes Changing societal concerns, attitudes, lifestyles Changes in degree of uncertainty risk Changes in long-term industry growth rate Changes in who buys the product how they use it Product innovation Technological change/process innovation Marketing innovation Entry or exit of major firms Diffusion of technical knowledge Driving forces In Textile industries of Pakistan: Pakistans textile industry faces several factors, both internal and external, that affect its competitive edge in global trade. An increase in production costs because of the heavy cost of credit finance Government levies and taxation have weighed heavily on the industry, Domestic cotton has not met qualitative needs of the growing spinning and textile sectors. Pakistans downstream users have also impacted the market, Government-backed supportive policies and heavy subsidies of our regional rivals like China, Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka. External trade and tariff barriers, such as high import duties by the U.S. and anti-dumping duties by European Union. Pakistans loss of preferential access under the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) in the E.U. Other Driving forces in textile industry: Pakistani Mills Look For the Competitive Edge RGST to affect value-added textile sector Zero rated status for all exports to be maintained Government restores zero-rating for textiles Textile Policy 2009-14 Analysis Finance Bill to Burden Industry Further Increasing Cost of Production Electricity Crisis Tight Monetary Policy Removal of subsidy on Textile sector United States EU cuts imports of textile from Pakistan Raw material Prices Effect of Inflation Pakistani Mills Look For the Competitive Edge: Pakistans cotton and textile industries have adapted to changes in the global cotton trading environment during recent years by investing more than U.S. $6 billion in production and technology upgrades. Because of that, Pakistans domestic consumption has surpassed production by about  3 million bales. But even with increasing consumption, Pakistans textile industry faces several factors, both internal and external, that affect its competitive edge in global trade. Many mills have incurred losses during the last two years. Those mills which could not adopt the necessary changes in the new business environment because of their financial restraints and heavy liabilities have experienced the greatest losses. To make their projects viable and to minimize losses, mills are generally curtailing their production by going into fine count yarns or closing parts of their units. Current Forecast: Pakistan emerged as a major player in world cotton trade after a phenomenal increase in its spinning capacity in the last few years. Traditionally, most of the mills in Pakistan still prefer to use Pakistani cotton due to its known spinning characteristics and easy availability for making medium-count yarns. But many mills have now developed permanent plans and blends based on imported cotton to bridge the shortfall in the local cotton supply.Recently, some mills have bought about 15,000-20,000 tons of Brazilian 2008 crop on call basis for shipment in 2008, and several other mills are inquiring to buy Brazilian cotton on the same basis. Some Brazilian businesses have reported as far as 2009. Some of the mills use this mode of buying to secure their short position in Pakistani cotton. If domestic price goes up, they opt to take shipment, and if prices come down to their desired level, they mange to get their import contracts settled with the shipper with mutual consent.According to pr ivate estimates, about 2.5 million bales of different growths have been booked in 2006/07 through the end of April. By February 2007, about 1,900,521 bales (170 kgs each) had reached the country. Pakistan may need to buy another 300,000-400,000 bales, which they may cover mostly from U.S., Brazil, West Africa and Uzbekistan. Pakistans Supply And Demand 05/06 06/07 07/08 (E) Beginning Stock 4.45 3.50 3.00 Production 12.40 12.40 14.20 Imports 2.05 2.85 2.20 Total Supply 18.90 18.75 19.40 Consumption 15.00 15.50 16.00 Exports 0.40 0.25 0.40 Ending Stock 3.50 3.00 3.00 Total Distribution 18.90 18.75 19.40 (all figures in million bales of 170 kg. each) Cotton vision 2015 Under cotton vision 2015, the government plans to bring more area under cotton cultivation particularly in Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. According to the plan, the government wanted to increase cotton production by 20 million bales through potential areas of Balochistan and KP. Having considered various options for production enhancement, it was realized that the production level of 20 million bales could be achieved by 2015 with a modest increase in sowing areas in potential cotton growing areas of Balochistan and NWFP coupled with an average of 5% growth in per hectare yield. The sources said that cotton alone contributes nearly 65 percent of the foreign exchange earnings of Pakistan. To bring more area under cultivation and ensure food security, the government plans to purchase 100 bulldozers for land development work in Balochistan with financial assistance of Italian government. The bulldozers procured will be deployed for development of 78 thousand hectares of land (70 pe rcent new and 30 percent existing) throughout the life of the bulldozers. The bulldozers would be given to the farmers at the rate of Rs 550 per hour against operational cost of Rs 3994.60 per hour involving 86 percent subsidy. (February 16, 2011) RGST to affect value-added textile sector RGST bill was most complicated than on-going GST and urged the government not to impose RGST that was going to push the export-oriented and labor intensive Textile Value Added Textile Sector to the wall. He said that the textiles exporters had strong exceptions to the government for continuously ignoring the reservations of the exporters regarding the imposition of the RGST and Zero Rate facility would not be withdrawn. But it is fact the Govt. had not yet cleared the outstanding refund claims of billions of rupees so far. He mentioned that the government was also holding up millions of exporters money under export rebate which was at present around 1%. Now it seems impossible in the present state of functioning that FBR could smoothly release 15% of GST refunds. To meet this shortfall in working capital, textile exporter/entrepreneur would resort to bank for financing its export for which mark-up rate itself is on a parallel rise. Thus Textile Value Added Textile Sector would be lead to an ultimate collapse, which facing shortage and day-by-day growing bills of Gas, Electricity and basic raw material. RGST may lead textile industry to bankruptcy He said textile industry was consuming 15 percent (600mmcfd) of total load of 4000mmcfd but the shortage is already being shifted on the industry which is unfair. According to him, textile industry has already lost $1.5 billion exports last year as a sizeable capacity remained idle on account of non-availability of gas. This loss is likely to touch $3 billion this year due to increase in value of commodities, if the gas supply to the industry is discriminatory suspended. He feared industry production loss to the extent of 30 percent ahead in case textile industry is denied gas during peak load period starting from November till February. Textile industry has already suffered from 44 days unprecedented gas load shedding during summer. The industry worries are piling up fast with regard to the next 12 months load management policy. Government restores zero-rating for textiles The government has restored the zero-rating for textile exporters and lowered the rate of general sales tax (GST) to four to six percent on sales of textile goods in local markets from the earlier notified 17 percent. Now manufacturers will not have to pay GST on their purchases if the goods manufactured are meant to be exported. If a registered taxpayer or exporter buys yarn with an aim to sell finished products made of it (yarn) in local markets, then he will pay four percent GST. And afterwards, four percent GST will be charged at every level of value-addition instead of 17 percent. If an unregistered taxpayer buys yarn, then he will be liable to pay six percent GST, and four percent GST will be charged on every step of the value-addition chain. Moreover, authorities have also clarified that the special excise duty will only be charged from other than zero-rated sectors. And those imports that are made for the purpose of exports will also remain zero-rated. The rate of withholding tax has been fixed at one percent. All these decisions will come into force with effect from April 012011. The decisions announced in these respects on March 15 through presidential ordinances and subsequently notified through statuary regulatory orders (SROs) have become null and void. The new decisions were taken by finance minister Abdul HafeezShaikh and chairman of FBR Salman Siddique at a grand meeting with textile makers. Delegates from Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce and Industry, chambers of commerce of different cities and representatives of textile bodies participated in the meeting held at Islamabad. This is a win-win situation for the government and textile makers, said a participant of the meeting. There was consensus on the rates of taxes.Officials agreed to implement four to six percent GST on local sales instead of 17 percent after they were made to realize the menace of Afghan Transit Trade (ATT). If the government had not lowered the taxes, it would have encouraged smuggling under ATT and through other channels. According to an estimate, goods worth $2.5 billion were smuggled into the country last year under the garb of Afghan transit trade. Textile Policy 2009-14 Analysis The first ever National Textile Policy was announced by the government in 2009 and is being generally hailed by the stakeholders since it not only addresses some of their key concerns and demands but also shows (albeit after a long wait) the required commitment and assumption of ownership by the Textile Ministry for providing meaningful policy direction to this largest national manufacturing sector. While the announced policy tends to be quite comprehensive and well researched its success will largely depend on the team assigned to micro manage its implementation and the operational strategy it then goes on to adopt. More often than not, perfectly good policies in the past failed to yield the desired results owing to blatant micro-management failures. Further, we find that embedded in the policy itself are measures that represent its core strength but ironically remain beyond the executionary ambit of the Textile Ministry. For example, it is all very well to announce Priority in Gas and Electricity Load Management, but to be able to effectively carry this out poses some serious practical challenges. First, to implement such a measure requires equal assurance and willingness by the related yet different ministries, namely Water Power and Oil Gas. Second, the textile industry itself is scattered and does not draw power from either dedicated textile feeders or textile specific po wer stations. Therefore ensuring continuity of supplies only to textile mills while switching off others, may operationally not be doable. Third, the textile industrial units (especially the small and medium sized) are so grossly intertwined with residential areas in virtually all industrial centers such as, Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Sialkot, Sheikhupura, Multan, etc., that it gets to be virtually impossible to separate the gas and electricity supply lines of domestic users from the industrial ones. Perhaps a better approach would have been to consult with relevant ministries and announce that a) Textile units in all sizes are entitled to alternative feeder arrangement that ensures continuity of supply from one feeder while the other is switched off for load management, b) Gas to be made available at the doorstep of textile units (like in the earlier days) to overcome the current prohibitive cost of simply getting a gas connection installed; a cost that at present literally denies a significant portion of the industry from cheap, efficient and clean fuel in shape of natural gas, c) Since gas supply management is there to stay, especially in winters, why not just announce a reduced gas tariff (like in Bangladesh) for industry that can in-turn help average out additional fuel costs undertaken by the industry during the period when gas is not available, and d) An establishment of a joint cell consisting of representatives from related ministries and the industry to create a forum that is easily accessible to mill managements and that can at the same time ensure to resolve problems that emerge on an on-going basis. Increasing Cost of Production Textile industry of Pakistan is facing problems in competing in the international market due to increase in the cost of production. The increase in the cost of production is due to the facts like interest rate, inflation and the continuous depreciation of Pakistani rupee value.Textile exporters rightfully demand reduction of Kibor rate to 8% to avoid a severe decline in exports. A three-year comprehensive textile policy is expected to be announced before budget 2009-10. The textile policy has been designed to enhance the exports of textile sector to $ 25 billion in next three years. This was stated by the Minister for Textile Industry RanaFarooqSaeed Khan. Textile Minister further informed that the spinning and weaving sector would get its due share from the Export Investment Support Fund, worth Rs. 40 billion allocated in the Federal Budget 2009-10. Electricity Crisis As a consequence of load-shedding the textile production capacity of various sub-sectors has been reduced by up to 30 per cent. The joint meeting of APTMA other related organization was held at APTMA House to formulate a joint strategy to address the alarming electricity crisis being faced by the textile industry. The meeting unanimously decided to constitute a joint working group of electricity management for the textile industry in the larger interests of the value chain of the textile industry. The joint working group will meet shortly to design a detailed plan to pursue the following goals; immediate total exemption from Electricity load shedding for the textile industry value chain; Rationalization and reduction of electricity tariff. The load-shedding of electricity cause a rapid decrease in production which also reduced the export order. The cost of production has also risen due to instant increase in electricity tariff. Due to load shedding some mill owner uses alternative s ource of energy like generator which increase their cost of production further. Due to such dramatic situation the capability of competitiveness of this industry in international market effected badly. Fig.1. illustrates comparison between electricity production and consumption (Business Recorder Pakistan -Special report, 2009). Tight Monetary Policy Due to the stiff monetary policy the cost of production is high. Due to high interest rate financing cost increases which cause a severe effect on production. The withholding tax of 1% also effects the production badly. The high cost of doing business is because of intensive increase in the rate of interest which has increased the problems of the industry. The government should take immediate measures to remove slowdown in the textile sector. Removal of subsidy on Textile sector The provisions of Finance Bill 2009-10 are not textile industry friendly at all. Provisions like reintroduction of 0.5% minimum tax on domestic sales, 1% withholding tax on import of textile and articles etc., are nothing but last strick on industrys back. Reintroduction of minimum tax on domestic sales would invite unavoidable liquidity problem, which is already reached to the alarming level. The textile industry was facing negative generation of funds due to unaffordable mark up rate. United States EU cuts imports of textile from Pakistan United States cancel more than 50% of textile orders of Pakistan .US also impose a high duties on the import of textile of Pakistan which effect the export in a bad manner. US EU are the major importer of Pakistan textile which create a huge difference in export of Pakistan textile after imposing a restriction on import of Pakistani textile goods. Raw material Prices Prices of cotton other raw material used in textile industry fluctuate rapidly in Pakistan. The rapid increase in the price raw material effects the cost of production badly. The increase in raw material prices fluctuates rapidly due to double digit inflation instable internal condition of Pakistan. Due to increase in the cost of production the demand for export home as well decreased which result in terms of downsizing of a firm. Hence the unemployment level will also increase. Government should take serious step to survive the textile industry. In order to decrease the price raw material for textile we need to increase our production capability. Simultaneously, the government should make arrangement for introducing international system of Cotton Standardization in Pakistan to enhance quality and value of Pakistan lint cotton by utilizing the technical services of Pakistan Cotton Standard Institute. Effect of Inflation Inflation rate is measured as the change in consumer price index (CPI).Inflation is basically a general rise in the price level. It is decline in the real value of money. Inflation can have adverse effect on economy. Pakistan is one of prey of inflation. It still faces high double digit inflation. The increase in inflation causes the increase in the cost of production of textile good which return in downsizing. The double digit inflation causes reduction in exports of textile. (FPCCI) Chapter 03: Industry Profile: Background: World Textile Industry was initially started in Britain at the beginning of the 18th century was the production of textilesas the spinning and weaving machines were invented in that country.Preston barber Richard Arkwright in 1769, patented a machine that would take cotton spinning from home to the factory. Arkwrights water frame was the first textile machine to use water power rather than muscle power. From this marked the factory system started, which later spread to other industries.According to statistics, the global textile market possesses a worth of more than $400 billion presently. The industry has faced high competition and opportunities in a more globalize environment. It was forecasted that Global textile production will grow by 25% between 2002 and 2010 and Asian region or the Asian countries will largely contribute in this sector.The WTO has taken so many steps for uplifting the textile industry sector. In 1995, WTO had renewed its MFA and adopted agreement on textiles a nd clothing (ATC), which states that all quotes on textile and clothing will be removed among WTO member countries.However the level of exports in textiles from developing countries is increasing even if in the presence of high tariffs and quantitative restriction by economically developed countries.Moreover the role of multifunctional textiles, eco-textiles, e-textiles and customized textiles are considered as the future of textile industry. Types of Textile Industry: These are the industry lie in the textile sector Cotton industry Woolen industry Silk industry Linen industry Pakistan Textile Industry Description: Whenever we think of manufacturing industry in Pakistan, it is textile industry that immediately comes to mind that is playing an important position in terms of the employment generation and value added special contribution towards the exports. Pakistans textile industry is one of the most important sectors of Pakistan. We can say that after agriculture sector, the textile industry is the backbone of Pakistan as it contributes significant part to the country GDP, exports as well as employment. s the fourth largest cotton producer in the world. Because of its plentiful, indigenous cotton supply, the textile industry is central to the Pakistani economy. The Pakistan textile industry has strong base of raw material, started its journey from non existence in 1947 with meager size of 78000 spindles and merely 3000 looms that was unorganized sector, and only 8% domestic demand was catered. The industry has gone through a long way and now possesses 443 units, 8.4 million spindles and 166,000 rotors, 20,000 shuttles less looms, 200,000 power looms, over 600 processing units and over 2500 garments units.Textiles and Clothing, no doubt is the largest industrial sector of Pakistan from the investment, employment and export point of view. It accounts for approximately 27 percent of total industrial output, absorbs about 38 percent of industrial labor force, and contributes around 60 to 65 percent to export earnings. [Pakistan Economics Survey]. The cotton countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Fourth largest producer of cotton after USA, China and India. Third largest consumer of cotton. Third largest exporter of cotton textiles. Second largest supplier of cotton yarn with 26% share of the international market. These are the main sectors of Textile Industry: Spinning Weaving Finishing Dyeing/ Printing Pressing Fashion designing Spinning It is the process of converting raw material into yarn. The raw materials may be natural materials such as cotton or manmade fibers such as polyester. Sometimes, the term spinning is also used for production of manmade filament yarn. Weaving It is the process of making cloths like t-shirts, jeans and all, rugs, blankets and other products by crossing two set of threads over and under each other. Now, weaving machines are used for this process. Weaving is the most important sub-sector of textile. The exports of woven fabrics and other related woven made-ups form a major portion of textile exports from Pakistan. Finishing Finishing of cloth is one of the chief arts in the textile industry. The appearance of the any product is the first concern, and the appearance of any fabric is just because of the methods of finishing. Dyeing/ Printing The Dyeing of clothing and other materials is a fairly simple process. It doesnt consume much time and workactually it often depends on what type of dye you purchase. Printing is something through which cloths are printed with different designing and prints. Pressing The cloths which came after the process of dyeing and printing would go for the pressing. It is simply pressing the cloths. Fashion Designing It is new in the textile industry, actually the popularity of fashion designing begin from previous couple of years. It is the applied art dedicated to clothing and lifestyle accessories created within the cultural and social influences of a specific time. Process of Textile Value Chain Challenges to textile: Frequent fashion changes. Anti dumping policies imposed by major importers. Non tariff barriers may increase such as standards relating to child labour, human rights, wages and working conditions, use of carcinogenic chemicals, inflammable materials, etc. Increased competition from India, China, Turkey, Caribbean Sub-Saharan countries and others who have preferential trade arrangements with major importing countries. High power cost frequent power cuts. Lesser usage of eco-friendly materials.   Lack of international marketing efforts. Higher rate of interest on loans for modernization and expansion.   Less awareness in acquiring international quality certifications. Chapter 04: Company Profile: Name Owner Location Adil Textile Gulistan Textile Mills Limited Quetta. Text Accord Textile Gulistan Spinning Mills Limited Quetta Textile Mils Ltd Ahmed Hassan Textile Mills Limited Gulshan Spinning Rashid Text. Ahmed Spinning Mills Limited Hafiz Textile  Ã‚   Ravi Textile Mills Al -Azhar Textile Hajra Textile Redco Textiles Al-Abid Silk Mills Hala Spinning Regent Textile Ali Asgahar Textile Hamid Textile Mills Reliance Cotton Alif Textile Harnai Woolen Mills Reliance Weaving Al-Jadeed Textile Haroon Oils Resham Textile Allawasaya Textiles Harum Textile Ruby Textile Mills Al-Qadir Textile I.C.C. Textiles Rupali Polyester Limited Amazai Textile Ibrahim Fibre Ltd. Sadoon Textile A